🌱 Pwomosyon Sante · Leson 3 sou 6 · 7 min
Orè Vaksen an ak Règ Vaksen Vivan an
The Vaccine Schedule and the Live-Vaccine Rule
💉 Yon timoun 13 mwa gen nen k ap koule ak yon ti tous nan vizit timoun an sante a. Paran an mande si MMR ta dwe tann. Egzamen an vle yon repons espesifik, epi 'pou plis sekirite' pa repons la.
💉 A 13-month-old has a runny nose and a slight cough at the well-child visit. The parent asks whether the MMR should wait. The exam wants a specific answer, and 'to be safe' is not it.
💡 Ide prensipal
Epatit B lè li fèt, a 1 a 2 mwa ak 6 a 18 mwa; DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, rotavirus a 2, 4, 6 mwa; MMR ak varysèl a 12 a 15 mwa ak 4 a 6 zan. Vaksen vivan yo pa pou gwosès ak iminosipresyon grav; yon rim pa yon rezon pou retade.
Hep B at birth, 1 to 2 months and 6 to 18 months; DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, rotavirus at 2, 4, 6 months; MMR and varicella at 12 to 15 months and 4 to 6 years. Live vaccines are out for pregnancy and severe immunosuppression; a cold is not a reason to delay.
🧠 Poukisa sa enpòtan
Orè routin lan, senplifye: EPATIT B lè li fèt, a 1 a 2 mwa ak 6 a 18 mwa; a 2, 4 ak 6 mwa DTaP, IPV, Hib, konjige nemokòk ak rotavirus (rotavirus se oral epi yo pa dwe kòmanse l apre anviwon 15 semèn oswa bay li apre 8 mwa); a 12 a 15 mwa MMR, VARYSÈL, epatit A ak rapèl Hib ak nemokòk; a 4 a 6 zan DTaP, IPV, MMR ak varysèl; a 11 a 12 zan Tdap, HPV (de dòz si yo kòmanse l anvan laj 15) ak menengokòk, ak yon rapèl menengokòk a 16. Vaksen grip anyèl apati 6 mwa. An 2025 ak 2026 otorite federal yo te chanje plizyè ladan yo (dòz nesans epatit B a, rotavirus, epatit A, grip, menengokòk ak dòz HPV yo); yon tribinal federal te mete chanjman sa yo an poz an mas 2026 epi gouvènman an te fè apèl, kidonk verifye orè CDC aktyèl la ak gid AAP yo. Vaksen VIVAN yo (MMR, varysèl, rotavirus, vaksen grip intranazal la) kontr-endike nan gwosès ak nan iminosipresyon grav; evite gwosès pandan 4 semèn apre MMR oswa varysèl. Yon ti maladi ak oswa san yon ti lafyèv PA yon rezon pou retade; yon maladi egi modere oswa grav li ye. Yon reyaksyon anafilaktik anvan ak yon vaksen oswa yon konpozan li se yon vrè kontr-endikasyon. Alèji ze pa kontr-endike vaksinasyon kont grip ankò. Atann yon ti doulè lokal ak yon ti lafyèv; rapòte gwo lafyèv, kriz oswa anafilaksi.
The routine schedule, simplified: HEPATITIS B at birth, 1 to 2 months and 6 to 18 months; at 2, 4 and 6 months DTaP, IPV, Hib, pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus (rotavirus is oral and must not be started after about 15 weeks or given after 8 months); at 12 to 15 months MMR, VARICELLA, hepatitis A and boosters of Hib and pneumococcal; at 4 to 6 years DTaP, IPV, MMR and varicella; at 11 to 12 years Tdap, HPV (two doses if started before age 15) and meningococcal, with a meningococcal booster at 16. Annual influenza vaccine from 6 months. In 2025 and 2026 federal officials changed several of these (the hepatitis B birth dose, rotavirus, hepatitis A, influenza, meningococcal and HPV doses); a federal court paused those changes in March 2026 and the government appealed, so check the current CDC schedule and AAP guidance. LIVE vaccines (MMR, varicella, rotavirus, the intranasal flu vaccine) are contraindicated in pregnancy and in severe immunosuppression; avoid pregnancy for 4 weeks after MMR or varicella. A mild illness with or without low-grade fever is NOT a reason to delay; a moderate or severe acute illness is. A previous anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine or its component is a true contraindication. Egg allergy no longer contraindicates influenza vaccination. Expect mild local soreness and low-grade fever; report high fever, seizures or anaphylaxis.
🏥 Nan lavi reyèl
🤧 Timoun 13 mwa ki gen nen k ap koule a resevwa MMR ak varysèl li nan dat prevwa a, paske yon ti enfeksyon respiratwa anwo pa yon kontr-endikasyon. Matant li, ki ansent depi 10 semèn epi ki pa janm pran varysèl, pa resevwa vaksen varysèl la jis apre akouchman. Menm fanmi, menm semèn, repons opoze, toulede kòrèk.
🤧 The 13-month-old with the runny nose gets her MMR and varicella on schedule, because a mild upper respiratory infection is not a contraindication. Her aunt, who is 10 weeks pregnant and has never had chickenpox, does not get the varicella vaccine until after delivery. Same family, same week, opposite answers, both correct.
📌 Sa pou retni
- Vaksen vivan: MMR, varysèl, rotavirus, grip nazal: pa nan gwosès oswa iminosipresyon gravLive vaccines: MMR, varicella, rotavirus, nasal flu: not in pregnancy or severe immunosuppression
- Ti maladi pa yon rezon pou retade; maladi modere oswa grav li yeMild illness is not a reason to delay; moderate or severe illness is
- Rotavirus se oral ak yon fenèt laj strik; HPV se routin a 11 a 12 men li ka kòmanse depi laj 9Rotavirus is oral with a strict age window; HPV is routine at 11 to 12 but may start as early as age 9
📖 Tèm nan leson sa a
Vaksen vivan (Live vaccine): Yon vaksen ki fèt ak yon viris oswa bakteri vivan, febli, tankou MMR, varicella oswa BCG, yo pa bay li nan gwosès oswa iminosipresyon grav.
✅ Teste tèt ou
Ki pasyan ki PA dwe resevwa vaksen MMR a?Which client should NOT receive the MMR vaccine?
- Yon fanm 25 zan ki ansent depi 8 semènA 25-year-old woman who is 8 weeks pregnant
- Yon timoun 12 mwa ki gen yon ti rim epi san lafyèvA 12-month-old with a mild cold and no fever
- Yon timoun 5 zan ki gen yon ti alèji zeA 5-year-old with a mild egg allergy
- Yon timoun 4 zan ki te resevwa MMR a 12 mwaA 4-year-old who received MMR at 12 months
Repons: A · Yon fanm 25 zan ki ansent depi 8 semèn
MMR se yon vaksen vivan, kontr-endike nan gwosès. Timoun 4 zan an dwe resevwa dezyèm dòz la; ti maladi ak alèji ze pa kontr-endikasyon.
MMR is a live vaccine, contraindicated in pregnancy. The 4-year-old is due for the second dose; mild illness and egg allergy are not contraindications.
Yon paran mande ki vaksen yon tibebe 2 mwa pral resevwa. Ki lis ki kòrèk?A parent asks which vaccines a 2-month-old will receive. Which list is correct?
- HPV ak menengokòkHPV and meningococcal
- DTaP, IPV, Hib, konjige nemokòk, rotavirus, epatit BDTaP, IPV, Hib, pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, hepatitis B
- Grip sèlmanInfluenza only
- MMR, varysèl, epatit AMMR, varicella, hepatitis A
Repons: B · DTaP, IPV, Hib, konjige nemokòk, rotavirus, epatit B
Vizit 2 mwa a gen ladan DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV ak rotavirus; dòz 2 epatit B a souvan bay a 1 a 2 mwa. MMR, varysèl ak epatit A kòmanse a 12 mwa, pa 2 mwa.
The 2-month visit includes DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV and rotavirus; hepatitis B dose 2 is often given at 1 to 2 months. MMR, varicella and hepatitis A start at 12 months, not 2 months.
Apre li fin resevwa yon vaksen varysèl, yon fanm 24 zan mande ki lè li an sekirite pou li tonbe ansent. Ki ansèyman ki kòrèk?After receiving a varicella vaccine, a 24-year-old woman asks when it is safe to become pregnant. What is the correct teaching?
- Tann 1 anWait 1 year
- Gwosès pa janm an sekirite apre vaksen vivanPregnancy is never safe after live vaccines
- Tann omwen 4 semènWait at least 4 weeks
- TousuitImmediately
Repons: C · Tann omwen 4 semèn
Evite gwosès pandan omwen 4 semèn apre yon vaksen vivan tankou varysèl oswa MMR. Tann 1 an ekzajere risk la epi li retade yon gwosès san bezwen apre fenèt sa a pase.
Avoid pregnancy for at least 4 weeks after a live vaccine such as varicella or MMR. Waiting 1 year overstates the risk and needlessly delays a pregnancy once that window has passed.
Kesyon tankou NCLEX, XP ak seri jou nan aplikasyon an, an angle ak èd an kreyòl. Pa bezwen enskri.