🛡️ Sekirite ak Prevansyon Enfeksyon · Leson 1 sou 6 · 7 min
Contact, Droplet, Airborne: Chwazi Bon Pòt la
Contact, Droplet, Airborne: Pick the Right Door
😷 Lawoujòl ka rete nan lè yon chanm pandan de èdtan apre pasyan an ale. Grip tonbe atè nan kèk pye sèlman. C. diff ri dezenfektan pou men. Twa maladi, twa chanm ki konplètman diferan.
😷 Measles can hang in the air of a room for two hours after the client leaves. Influenza falls to the floor within a few feet. C. diff laughs at hand sanitizer. Three diseases, three completely different rooms.
💡 Ide prensipal
Contact: blouz ak gan. Droplet: mask chirijikal lè w antre nan chanm lan. Airborne: N95 ak yon chanm ak presyon negatif. C. diff: savon ak dlo, janm dezenfektan sèl.
Contact: gown and gloves. Droplet: surgical mask on entering the room. Airborne: N95 and a negative-pressure room. C. diff: soap and water, never sanitizer alone.
🧠 Poukisa sa enpòtan
Prekosyon STANDARD yo aplike pou tout moun: ijyèn men, gan pou likid kòporèl, ak sekirite kont objè pwenti ak pikè. Prekosyon CONTACT yo ajoute yon blouz ak gan ak yon chanm prive oswa gwoupe pasyan ki gen menm maladi a: MRSA, VRE, Clostridioides difficile, gal, RSV, rotavirus ak blesi ki ap koule. Pou C. diff, lave ak SAVON AK DLO paske alkòl pa touye espò yo, epi sèvi ak klowòks pou netwaye. Prekosyon DROPLET yo ajoute yon mask chirijikal, ou mete l lè w antre nan chanm lan: grip, koklich, malmouton, ribeyòl, menenjit menengokòk, difteri nan farenks ak nemoni a mycoplasma; pasyan an mete yon mask chirijikal lè yo transpòte l. Prekosyon AIRBORNE yo mande yon chanm ak presyon negatif ak pòt la fèmen ak yon respiratè N95 yo te ajiste sou ou apre tès: tibèkiloz, lawoujòl (rubeola), varisèl ak èpès zoster gaye. Yon èd memwa pou airborne: My Chicken Hez TB [My = lawoujòl, Chicken = varisèl, Hez = èpès zoster gaye, TB = tibèkiloz]. Varisèl ak zoster gaye mande prekosyon airborne plis prekosyon contact.
STANDARD precautions apply to everyone: hand hygiene, gloves for body fluids, and sharps safety. CONTACT precautions add a gown and gloves and a private room or cohorting: MRSA, VRE, Clostridioides difficile, scabies, RSV, rotavirus and draining wounds. For C. diff, wash with SOAP AND WATER because alcohol does not kill spores, and use bleach for cleaning. DROPLET precautions add a surgical mask, put on when entering the room: influenza, pertussis, mumps, rubella, meningococcal meningitis, pharyngeal diphtheria and mycoplasma pneumonia; the client wears a surgical mask when transported. AIRBORNE precautions require a negative-pressure room with the door closed and an N95 respirator fit-tested to you: tuberculosis, measles (rubeola), varicella and disseminated herpes zoster. A memory aid for airborne: My Chicken Hez TB, for measles, chickenpox, disseminated herpes zoster, tuberculosis. Varicella and disseminated zoster need airborne plus contact precautions.
🏥 Nan lavi reyèl
🚪 Yon nouvo enfimyè mete yon pasyan yo sispèk ki gen tibèkiloz nan yon chanm prive òdinè ak pòt la louvri epi li mete yon mask chirijikal. Tou de chwa yo pa bon: nwayo goutlèt TB yo piti epi yo flote nan lè a; sèlman yon N95 ki byen ajiste ka filtre yo, epi sèlman presyon negatif ka anpeche yo ale nan koulwa a. Egzamen an ap mete egzakteman pyèj sa a ak yon mask ki sanble bon men ki pa bon.
🚪 A new nurse puts a client with suspected tuberculosis in a regular private room with the door open and wears a surgical mask. Both choices fail: TB droplet nuclei are tiny and float; only a fitted N95 filters them, and only negative pressure keeps them out of the hallway. The exam will set exactly this trap with a plausible but wrong mask.
📌 Sa pou retni
- Contact: MRSA, VRE, C. diff (savon ak dlo), gal, RSVContact: MRSA, VRE, C. diff (soap and water), scabies, RSV
- Droplet: grip, koklich, malmouton, ribeyòl, menenjit menengokòkDroplet: flu, pertussis, mumps, rubella, meningococcal meningitis
- Airborne: TB, lawoujòl, varisèl, zoster gaye: N95 plis presyon negatifAirborne: TB, measles, varicella, disseminated zoster: N95 plus negative pressure
📖 Tèm nan leson sa a
Prekosyon estanda (Standard precautions): Ijyèn men, ekipman pwoteksyon ki koresponn ak ekspozisyon yo prevwa a, ak pratik sekirite pou objè pike ak piki yo itilize ak chak pasyan, kèlkeswa dyagnostik la.
Prekosyon kontak (Contact precautions): Blouz ak gan pou òganis ki gaye pa kontak, tankou MRSA, VRE, C. difficile ak gal.
Prekosyon goutlèt (Droplet precautions): Yon mask chirijikal yo mete lè yo antre nan chanm yon pasyan ki gen grip, koklich, malmouton, ribeyòl oswa menenjit menengokoksik.
Prekosyon pou transmisyon nan lè (Airborne precautions): Yon respiratè N95 ak yon chanm presyon negatif pou tibèkiloz, lawoujòl, varisèl ak zona gaye.
Chanm presyon negatif (Negative-pressure room): Yon chanm ki rale lè anndan epi voye l deyò pou òganis ki nan lè a pa ka chape ale nan koridò a.
SPIDERMAN (prekosyon goutlèt) (SPIDERMAN (droplet precautions)): meningococcal Sepsis, Scarlet fever, Strep throat, Parvovirus, Pneumonia (some types), Pertussis, Influenza, Diphtheria, Epiglottitis, Rubella, Mumps, meningococcal Meningitis, Mycoplasma, Adenovirus: maladi ki bezwen yon mask chirijikal lè yo antre nan chanm lan.
MRS. WEE (prekosyon kontak) (MRS. WEE (contact precautions)): Multidrug-resistant organisms, Respiratory syncytial virus, Skin infections (scabies, impetigo, herpes simplex), Wound infections (draining), Enteric infections (C. difficile), Eye infections (viral conjunctivitis): maladi ki bezwen yon blouz ak gan.
✅ Teste tèt ou
Ki pasyan ki bezwen prekosyon airborne nan yon chanm ak presyon negatif?Which client requires airborne precautions in a negative-pressure room?
- Yon pasyan ki gen tibèkiloz poumon aktifA client with active pulmonary tuberculosis
- Yon pasyan ki gen koklich ak yon tous paroksistikA client with pertussis and a paroxysmal cough
- Yon pasyan ki gen grip epi ki ap touse souvanA client with influenza who is coughing frequently
- Yon pasyan ki gen MRSA nan yon blesi chirijikal ki ap kouleA client with MRSA in a draining surgical wound
Repons: A · Yon pasyan ki gen tibèkiloz poumon aktif
Tibèkiloz gaye atravè ti nwayo goutlèt ki nan lè a. Grip ak koklich se droplet; enfeksyon blesi MRSA se contact.
Tuberculosis spreads by tiny airborne droplet nuclei. Influenza and pertussis are droplet; MRSA wound infection is contact.
Apre ou fin pran swen yon pasyan ki gen Clostridioides difficile, ki ijyèn men ki kòrèk?After caring for a client with Clostridioides difficile, which hand hygiene is correct?
- Fwote men ak pwodui ki gen alkòl pandan 20 segonnAlcohol-based hand rub for 20 seconds
- Gan sèlman aseGloves alone are sufficient
- Ti sèvyèt chlorhexidine sou gan yoChlorhexidine wipes on the gloves
- Savon ak dloSoap and water
Repons: D · Savon ak dlo
Espò C. diff yo reziste alkòl. Lave mekanik ak savon ak dlo retire yo.
C. diff spores survive alcohol. Mechanical washing with soap and water removes them.
Yon pasyan ki gen menenjit bakteri (menengokòk) dwe ale fè yon CT. Ki prekosyon ki kòrèk pandan transpò a?A client with bacterial (meningococcal) meningitis must go to CT. Which precaution is correct during transport?
- Mete yon mask chirijikal sou pasyan anPlace a surgical mask on the client
- Pa gen prekosyon espesyal yon fwa deyò chanm lanNo special precautions once outside the room
- Pèsonèl la mete respiratè N95 epi pasyan an pa mete anyenStaff wear N95 respirators and the client wears nothing
- Anile tès la jiskaske izolasyon an finiCancel the test until isolation ends
Repons: A · Mete yon mask chirijikal sou pasyan an
Menenjit menengokòk se droplet; pasyan an mete yon mask chirijikal pou kenbe goutlèt yo pandan transpò a. Respiratè N95 yo se pou maladi airborne tankou tibèkiloz, epi yon pasyan ki pa gen mask ta toujou gaye goutlèt sou tout wout transpò a.
Meningococcal meningitis is droplet; the client wears a surgical mask to contain droplets during transport. N95 respirators are for airborne diseases such as tuberculosis, and an unmasked client would still spread droplets along the transport route.
Kesyon tankou NCLEX, XP ak seri jou nan aplikasyon an, an angle ak èd an kreyòl. Pa bezwen enskri.