RACE、PASS，以及那些就藏在眼前的危险

🧠 为什么重要

发生火灾时，按RACE行动：救援（RESCUE）任何处于直接危险中的人，启动（ACTIVATE）警报，通过关门关窗并按指示关闭氧气来封锁（CONFINE）火势，火势较小时灭火（EXTINGUISH）或撤离（EVACUATE），撤离时先按能行走、轮椅、卧床的顺序将患者水平转移到远离火源的地方，之后再考虑使用楼梯。使用灭火器要遵循PASS：拉开（PULL）保险销，对准（AIM）火焰根部，按压（SQUEEZE）手柄，左右扫射（SWEEP）。绝不能使用电梯。氧气助燃：禁止吸烟或明火，氧气附近禁止使用石油基产品，并设置“正在使用氧气”的标志。电气安全：移除电线磨损或会让人触电的设备，使用接地的三脚插头，并让电气设备远离水源。危险品泄漏：隔离该区域，查阅安全数据表，穿戴合适的PPE，使用泄漏处理包，并按机构政策报告泄漏。发生危险暴露时，先让人员脱离直接危险，然后控制泄漏，最后报告。遇到有暴力行为的访客，与他们和患者保持安全距离，并呼叫安保人员。接到电话炸弹威胁时，让来电者一直说下去并记下每个细节，通知安保人员或警察，不要触碰任何可疑物品，只有在事件指挥下令时才撤离。

In a fire, RACE: RESCUE anyone in immediate danger, ACTIVATE the alarm, CONFINE the fire by closing doors and windows and shutting off oxygen as directed, and EXTINGUISH if small or EVACUATE, moving the most mobile clients first (ambulatory, then wheelchair, then bedbound) horizontally away from the fire before considering stairs. Use an extinguisher with PASS: PULL the pin, AIM at the base, SQUEEZE the handle, SWEEP side to side. Never use elevators. OXYGEN supports combustion: no smoking or open flames, no petroleum-based products near oxygen, and 'oxygen in use' signs. ELECTRICAL safety: remove equipment with frayed cords or that gives a shock, use grounded three-prong plugs, and keep electrical devices away from water. HAZARDOUS SPILLS: isolate the area, consult the safety data sheet, put on the appropriate PPE, use the spill kit and report the spill per facility policy. For a hazardous exposure, remove people from immediate danger first, then contain, then report. For a violent visitor, keep yourself and clients at a safe distance and call security. For a telephoned bomb threat, keep the caller talking and note every detail, notify security or police, touch nothing suspicious, and evacuate only when incident command directs.

🏥 真实场景

🚨 患者病房里的废纸篓起火了。护士把患者用轮椅推到走廊，拉响警报，关上房门，然后才拿着灭火器回来扑灭仍然很小的火。把这个顺序颠倒过来，护士就会在患者坐在烟雾中时去灭火。

🚨 A wastebasket fire starts in a client's room. The nurse wheels the client into the hall, pulls the alarm, closes the door, and only then returns with the extinguisher for a fire that is still small. Reverse that order and the nurse is fighting a fire while a client sits in the smoke.

📌 要点总结

• 救援、报警、封锁、灭火或撤离Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish or Evacuate
• 拉开、对准根部、按压、扫射Pull, Aim at the base, Squeeze, Sweep
• 撤离时先转移能行走的患者；绝不能使用电梯Move ambulatory clients first in an evacuation; never use elevators

✅ 自我测试