💓 Savvy Nurse打开应用

🩺 基础护理，快速掌握 · 第5课，共5课 · 6 min

一张表看懂氧疗设备

Oxygen Devices in One Table

🎭 简单面罩设为3升并不是一种温和的设置。它是一个罩在患者脸上的袋子，会困住患者自己呼出的二氧化碳。每种设备都有下限、上限和陷阱。它们全都在这里。

🎭 A simple face mask at 3 liters is not a gentle setting. It is a bag over a client's face that traps their own carbon dioxide. Every device has a floor, a ceiling and a trap. Here they all are.

💡 核心要点

每种设备都有最低流量和最高百分比。简单面罩至少需要5 L/min，非再呼吸面罩需要充盈的储氧袋，Venturi面罩为COPD患者提供精确的百分比。

Each device has a minimum flow and a maximum percentage. Simple masks need at least 5 L/min, non-rebreathers need an inflated bag, and Venturi masks give exact percentages for COPD.

🧠 为什么重要

NASAL CANNULA：1到6 L/min，氧浓度约24到44%；在4 L/min及以上时要加湿；要检查耳后皮肤和鼻孔。SIMPLE FACE MASK：5到8 L/min，氧浓度约40到60%；绝不要低于5 L/min，否则呼出的二氧化碳会在面罩内积聚。PARTIAL REBREATHER：6到10 L/min，氧浓度约60到75%。NON-REBREATHER：10到15 L/min，最高约90%；储氧袋必须保持充盈，单向阀必须完好。VENTURI MASK：通过颜色编码的接头提供24到50%的精确百分比，当精确输送很重要时，它是COPD患者的选择。HIGH-FLOW NASAL CANNULA以高得多的流量输送加热、加湿的氧气。早期缺氧表现为躁动、焦虑和心动过速；晚期缺氧表现为发绀、心动过缓和意识水平下降。对于COPD患者，要以88到92%的血氧饱和度为目标并逐步调整，而不是不给缺氧患者供氧。

NASAL CANNULA: 1 to 6 L/min, about 24 to 44% oxygen; humidify at 4 L/min and above; check the skin behind the ears and the nares. SIMPLE FACE MASK: 5 to 8 L/min, about 40 to 60%; never below 5 L/min or exhaled carbon dioxide accumulates in the mask. PARTIAL REBREATHER: 6 to 10 L/min, about 60 to 75%. NON-REBREATHER: 10 to 15 L/min, up to about 90%; the reservoir bag must stay inflated and the one-way valves intact. VENTURI MASK: precise percentages from 24 to 50% through color-coded adapters, the choice for COPD when exact delivery matters. HIGH-FLOW NASAL CANNULA delivers heated, humidified oxygen at much higher flows. Early hypoxia shows as restlessness, anxiety and tachycardia; late hypoxia as cyanosis, bradycardia and a falling level of consciousness. In COPD, aim for a saturation of 88 to 92% and titrate rather than withholding oxygen from a hypoxic client.

🏥 真实场景

😰 一位术后患者变得躁动不安，不停地拉扯床单。夜班护士以为是疼痛，伸手去拿阿片类药物。血氧饱和度读数为87%。躁动是缺氧的首个征象，阿片类药物会加重缺氧。先供氧，然后重新评估，如果疼痛仍然存在再治疗疼痛。

😰 A post-op client becomes restless and keeps pulling at the sheets. The night nurse assumes pain and reaches for the opioid. The saturation reads 87%. Restlessness is the first sign of hypoxia, and an opioid would have deepened it. Oxygen first, then reassess, then treat pain if it is still there.

📌 要点总结

  • 鼻导管1–6 L；简单面罩至少5 L；非再呼吸面罩10–15 L，配充盈的储氧袋Cannula 1–6 L; simple mask at least 5 L; non-rebreather 10–15 L with an inflated bag
  • Venturi用于COPD的精确百分比；目标血氧饱和度88–92%Venturi for precise percentages in COPD; target saturation 88–92%
  • 躁动和心动过速是早期缺氧表现；发绀是晚期表现Restlessness and tachycardia are early hypoxia; cyanosis is late

📖 本课术语

非重复呼吸面罩 (Non-rebreather mask): 带储氧袋的面罩，只要储氧袋保持充盈，就能输送高达约90%的氧气，流速为10至15 L/min。

Venturi面罩 (Venturi mask): 带颜色编码接头的面罩，能输送精确的氧气百分比，是COPD的首选。

✅ 自我测试

一位患者的简单面罩设为3 L/min。护士应该怎么做？A client's simple face mask is set at 3 L/min. What should the nurse do?
  1. 换成非再呼吸面罩，并保持相同的3 L/min流量Switch to a non-rebreather mask at the same 3 L/min flow
  2. 将流量提高到至少5 L/min，以冲洗二氧化碳Increase the flow to at least 5 L/min to flush carbon dioxide
  3. 移除氧气Remove the oxygen
  4. 什么都不做；这个设置适合简单面罩Nothing; the setting is appropriate for a simple mask

答案: B · 将流量提高到至少5 L/min，以冲洗二氧化碳

简单面罩至少需要5 L/min才能将呼出的二氧化碳从面罩中冲洗出去。换成3 L/min的非再呼吸面罩更糟，因为那种面罩需要10到15 L/min才能保持储氧袋充盈。

A simple mask needs at least 5 L/min to flush exhaled carbon dioxide from the mask. Switching to a non-rebreather at 3 L/min is worse, because that mask needs 10 to 15 L/min to keep its reservoir bag filled.

非再呼吸面罩上的储氧袋每次呼吸时都完全塌陷。这表明什么？The reservoir bag on a non-rebreather mask collapses completely with each breath. What does this indicate?
  1. 流量太低或有漏气；储氧袋必须保持充盈The flow is too low or there is a leak; the bag must stay inflated
  2. 设备工作正常，无需调整The device is working correctly and needs no adjustment
  3. 患者不再需要氧气The client no longer needs oxygen
  4. 应将面罩换成6 L/min的鼻导管The mask should be changed to a nasal cannula at 6 L/min

答案: A · 流量太低或有漏气；储氧袋必须保持充盈

储氧袋必须至少保持部分充盈，这样患者吸入的是储氧袋中的氧气，而不是室内空气。每次呼吸时轻微下陷是正常的，但完全塌陷不正常，因此设备工作不正常，需要调整。

The bag must remain at least partially inflated so the client draws from a reservoir of oxygen, not room air. A slight dip with each breath is normal, but complete collapse is not, so the device is not working correctly and needs adjustment.

哪个早期征象提示患者正在变得缺氧？Which early sign suggests a client is becoming hypoxic?
  1. 对声音无反应Unresponsiveness to voice
  2. 嘴唇发绀Cyanosis of the lips
  3. 躁动和心动过速Restlessness and tachycardia
  4. 心动过缓和低血压Bradycardia and hypotension

答案: C · 躁动和心动过速

躁动、焦虑和心动过速最先出现。发绀、心动过缓和意识下降是晚期且危险的征象。

Restlessness, anxiety and tachycardia appear first. Cyanosis, bradycardia and decreased consciousness are late and ominous.

免费开始这节课 →

在应用中练习 NCLEX 风格的题目，赚取 XP、保持连续天数，英文学习，中文辅助。无需注册。

更多：基础护理，快速掌握

🔗 相关课程