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🧮 剂量计算 · 第1课，共5课 · 5 min

换算：2.2、1000、30、5和15

The Conversions: 2.2, 1000, 30, 5 and 15

⚖️ 一个孩子体重44磅，而剂量是按每公斤计算的。每道考试计算题都从换算开始，而每一个换算错误都会放大到最终答案中。

⚖️ A child weighs 44 pounds and the dose is per kilogram. Every exam calculation starts with a conversion, and every conversion error multiplies into the final answer.

💡 核心要点

lb ÷ 2.2 = kg，g × 1,000 = mg；mg × 1,000 = mcg。1 oz = 30 mL，1 tsp = 5 mL，1 tbsp = 15 mL。先换算，再计算，最后四舍五入。

lb ÷ 2.2 = kg. g × 1,000 = mg; mg × 1,000 = mcg. 1 oz = 30 mL, 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL. Convert first, calculate second, round last.

🧠 为什么重要

体重：1 kg = 2.2 lb，所以将磅数除以2.2即可得到公斤数（44 lb ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg）。质量：1 g = 1,000 mg；1 mg = 1,000 mcg；1格令（gr）是一种过时的药剂单位，ISMP表示应避免使用，其约为60至65 mg，所以gr 1/2约为30 mg。容量：1 L = 1,000 mL；1 oz = 30 mL；1 tsp = 5 mL；1 tbsp = 15 mL；1 cup = 240 mL。温度：°C × 1.8 + 32 = °F，而 (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8 = °C，所以38.5 °C是101.3 °F。时间：1小时 = 60分钟，而考试中的IV题目常常需要用分钟计算。进行公制质量换算时将小数点移动三位：0.25 g = 250 mg；500 mcg = 0.5 mg。始终写前导零（0.5 mg），绝不写尾随零（5 mg，而不是5.0 mg），并且在最后而不是在中间进行四舍五入。

WEIGHT: 1 kg = 2.2 lb, so divide pounds by 2.2 to get kilograms (44 lb ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg). MASS: 1 g = 1,000 mg; 1 mg = 1,000 mcg; 1 grain (gr), an outdated apothecary unit that ISMP says to avoid, is approximately 60 to 65 mg, so gr 1/2 is about 30 mg. VOLUME: 1 L = 1,000 mL; 1 oz = 30 mL; 1 tsp = 5 mL; 1 tbsp = 15 mL; 1 cup = 240 mL. TEMPERATURE: °C × 1.8 + 32 = °F, and (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8 = °C, so 38.5 °C is 101.3 °F. TIME: 1 hour = 60 minutes, and exam IV questions often need minutes. Move the decimal three places for metric mass conversions: 0.25 g = 250 mg; 500 mcg = 0.5 mg. Always write a leading zero (0.5 mg) and never a trailing zero (5 mg, not 5.0 mg), and round at the end, not in the middle.

🏥 真实场景

🧒 一个幼儿体重33 lb。医嘱是10 mg/kg。护士进行换算：33 ÷ 2.2 = 15 kg，然后10 × 15 = 150 mg每剂。跳过换算而直接使用33的学生会给出330 mg，超过剂量的两倍多。考试正是利用这个错误来出题。

🧒 A toddler weighs 33 lb. The order is 10 mg/kg. The nurse converts: 33 ÷ 2.2 = 15 kg, then 10 × 15 = 150 mg per dose. A student who skipped the conversion and used 33 would have given 330 mg, more than double the dose. The exam counts on that mistake.

📌 要点总结

  • 磅转公斤：除以2.2Pounds to kilograms: divide by 2.2
  • 公制：在g、mg和mcg之间将小数点移动三位Metric: move the decimal three places between g, mg and mcg
  • 家用量具：5 mL茶匙，15 mL汤匙，30 mL盎司Household: 5 mL teaspoon, 15 mL tablespoon, 30 mL ounce

✅ 自我测试

一位患者体重176 lb，其体重是多少公斤？A client weighs 176 lb. What is the weight in kilograms?
  1. 387 kg
  2. 80 kg
  3. 70 kg
  4. 88 kg

答案: B · 80 kg

176 ÷ 2.2 = 80 kg。88 kg是除以2而不是2.2得出的，这种捷径会将体重高估10%。

176 ÷ 2.2 = 80 kg. 88 kg comes from dividing by 2 instead of 2.2, a shortcut that overstates the weight by 10%.

医嘱开具某种药物0.125 mg，这相当于多少微克？An order is for 0.125 mg of a medication. How many micrograms is this?
  1. 125 mcg
  2. 1,250 mcg
  3. 0.0125 mcg
  4. 12.5 mcg

答案: A · 125 mcg

1 mg = 1,000 mcg，所以0.125 × 1,000 = 125 mcg。1,250 mcg是将小数点移动四位而不是三位得出的。

1 mg = 1,000 mcg, so 0.125 × 1,000 = 125 mcg. 1,250 mcg comes from moving the decimal four places instead of three.

一位家长被告知给予2茶匙液体药物，这相当于多少毫升？A parent is told to give 2 teaspoons of a liquid medication. How many milliliters is that?
  1. 30 mL
  2. 5 mL
  3. 10 mL
  4. 15 mL

答案: C · 10 mL

1茶匙是5 mL，所以2茶匙是10 mL。教家长使用口服注射器，而不是厨房勺子。30 mL是使用汤匙换算15 mL而不是5 mL得出的，这种茶匙与汤匙的混淆会使剂量变为三倍。

1 teaspoon is 5 mL, so 2 teaspoons is 10 mL. Teach parents to use an oral syringe, not a kitchen spoon. 30 mL comes from using the tablespoon conversion of 15 mL instead of 5 mL, a teaspoon-tablespoon mix-up that triples the dose.

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