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Ang mga Lab Value na Dapat Mong Masabi Kahit Tulog

The Lab Values You Must Recite in Your Sleep

🧪 Maraming tanong ang nagbibigay ng lab value nang walang normal range sa tabi nito, at kahit may ipinapakita ang case exhibit, nakakatipid ng oras kung kabisado mo ang range. Narito ang mga nagpapasya sa pinakamaraming tanong.

🧪 Many questions give a lab value with no normal range beside it, and even when a case exhibit shows one, knowing the range cold saves time. Here are the ones that decide the most questions.

💡 Pangunahing ideya

Kabisaduhin ang mga ito. Ipinapalagay ng bawat tanong na may numero na alam mo ang mga ito.

Know these cold. Every question that includes a number assumes you do.

🧠 Bakit mahalaga

Sodium 135 hanggang 145 mEq/L. Potassium 3.5 hanggang 5.0 mEq/L. Calcium (total) 9 hanggang 10.5 mg/dL. Magnesium 1.5 hanggang 2.5 mEq/L. Glucose 70 hanggang 99 mg/dL kapag fasting. BUN 10 hanggang 20 mg/dL. Creatinine 0.6 hanggang 1.2 mg/dL. Hemoglobin 12 hanggang 16 g/dL sa babae, 14 hanggang 18 g/dL sa lalaki. Platelets 150,000 hanggang 400,000/mm3. White cells 5,000 hanggang 10,000/mm3. INR 2 hanggang 3 sa warfarin para sa karamihan ng indications (mas mataas para sa ilang mechanical valves). aPTT 1.5 hanggang 2.5 beses ng control sa heparin. Digoxin 0.5 hanggang 2.0 ng/mL. Lithium 0.6 hanggang 1.2 mEq/L. Phenytoin 10 hanggang 20 mcg/mL. A1c na wala pang 7% para sa karamihan ng adult na may diabetes. pH 7.35 hanggang 7.45, PaCO2 35 hanggang 45 mm Hg, HCO3 22 hanggang 26 mEq/L.

Sodium 135 to 145 mEq/L. Potassium 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Calcium (total) 9 to 10.5 mg/dL. Magnesium 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L. Glucose 70 to 99 mg/dL fasting. BUN 10 to 20 mg/dL. Creatinine 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL. Hemoglobin 12 to 16 g/dL women, 14 to 18 g/dL men. Platelets 150,000 to 400,000/mm3. White cells 5,000 to 10,000/mm3. INR 2 to 3 on warfarin for most indications (higher for some mechanical valves). aPTT 1.5 to 2.5 times control on heparin. Digoxin 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL. Lithium 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L. Phenytoin 10 to 20 mcg/mL. A1c under 7% for most adults with diabetes. pH 7.35 to 7.45, PaCO2 35 to 45 mm Hg, HCO3 22 to 26 mEq/L.

🏥 Sa totoong buhay

📝 Isulat ang mga ito sa index card. Basahin ito sa bawat red light sa loob ng isang linggo. Sa araw ng exam, sasabihin ng tanong na 'potassium 3.1' at sasabihin ng utak mo na 'mababa, bantayan ang U waves at digoxin' bago mo pa matapos ang pangungusap. Mas mahalaga ang reflex na iyon kaysa sa anumang estratehiya.

📝 Write them on an index card. Read it at every red light for a week. On exam day, a question says 'potassium 3.1' and your brain says 'low, watch for U waves and digoxin' before you finish the sentence. That reflex is worth more than any strategy.

📌 Tandaan

  • Mga electrolyte: Na 135–145, K 3.5–5.0, Ca 9–10.5, Mg 1.5–2.5Electrolytes: Na 135–145, K 3.5–5.0, Ca 9–10.5, Mg 1.5–2.5
  • Kidney: BUN 10–20, creatinine 0.6–1.2; dugo: Hgb 12–16 (babae), 14–18 (lalaki), platelets 150–400k, WBC 5–10kKidney: BUN 10–20, creatinine 0.6–1.2; blood: Hgb 12–16 (women), 14–18 (men), platelets 150–400k, WBC 5–10k
  • Mga gamot: digoxin 0.5–2.0, lithium 0.6–1.2, phenytoin 10–20; INR 2–3 sa warfarinDrugs: digoxin 0.5–2.0, lithium 0.6–1.2, phenytoin 10–20; INR 2–3 on warfarin

✅ Subukan ang sarili mo

Aling value ang labas sa normal na range?Which value is outside the normal range?
  1. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L
  2. Sodium 140 mEq/L
  3. Calcium 9.6 mg/dL
  4. Magnesium 2.0 mEq/L

Sagot: A · Potassium 5.8 mEq/L

Ang potassium na higit sa 5.0 ay hyperkalemia; ang iba pang value ay normal.

Potassium above 5.0 is hyperkalemia; the other values are normal.

Ang pasyenteng umiinom ng lithium ay may level na 1.9 mEq/L. Paano ito dapat bigyang-kahulugan ng nurse?A client taking lithium has a level of 1.9 mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret this?
  1. Mas mababa sa therapeutic rangeBelow the therapeutic range
  2. Mas mataas sa therapeutic rangeAbove the therapeutic range
  3. Therapeutic
  4. Nasa loob ng therapeutic range para sa acute maniaWithin the acute-mania therapeutic range

Sagot: B · Mas mataas sa therapeutic range

Ang maintenance range ay 0.6 hanggang 1.2 mEq/L, at ang acute mania ay ginagamot hanggang mga 1.5. Toxic ang level na 1.9, kaya i-hold ang dose, i-notify ang provider, at i-assess para sa coarse tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia at confusion.

The maintenance range is 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L, and acute mania is treated up to about 1.5. A level of 1.9 is toxic, so hold the dose, notify the provider, and assess for coarse tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia and confusion.

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